Open Acceleration Stack: Low-Latency Heterogeneous Acceleration for Quantum Control

Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing (FTQC) requires a tightly coupled heterogeneous computing system, in which quantum processors interact in real-time with classical accelerators. Different modalities impose distinct timing and computational requirements: superconducting systems require nanosecond-scale deterministic control, microsecond-scale decoding, and calibration. AMO platforms rely on image processing and spatial manipulation of large qubit arrays on hundreds-of-microseconds timescales. Bridging these regimes requires compute resources and interconnects optimized for FTQC requirements.
Novel decoding and calibration architectures require heterogeneous compute resources: CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. We present the Open Acceleration Stack (OAS) from Quantum Machines, a framework that integrates customizable classical accelerators directly into the quantum control loop. OAS connects the OPX1000 quantum controller to external compute resources over PCIe and RDMA, allowing classical processing to be invoked from a running quantum program. We demonstrate approximately 2 µs round-trip latency, enabling adaptive experiments, AI-assisted calibration, and real-time decoding for scalable fault-tolerant operation.